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/*
* linux/mm/page_alloc.c
*
* Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Linus Torvalds
* Swap reorganised 29.12.95, Stephen Tweedie
* Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG, July 1999
* Reshaped it to be a zoned allocator, Ingo Molnar, Red Hat, 1999
* Discontiguous memory support, Kanoj Sarcar, SGI, Nov 1999
* Zone balancing, Kanoj Sarcar, SGI, Jan 2000
*/
#include <linux/config.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/swapctl.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/bootmem.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/compiler.h>
int nr_swap_pages;
int nr_active_pages;
int nr_inactive_pages;
struct list_head inactive_list;
struct list_head active_list;
pg_data_t *pgdat_list;
static char *zone_names[MAX_NR_ZONES] = { "DMA", "Normal", "HighMem" };
static int zone_balance_ratio[MAX_NR_ZONES] __initdata = { 128, 128, 128, };
static int zone_balance_min[MAX_NR_ZONES] __initdata = { 20 , 20, 20, };
static int zone_balance_max[MAX_NR_ZONES] __initdata = { 255 , 255, 255, };
/*
* Free_page() adds the page to the free lists. This is optimized for
* fast normal cases (no error jumps taken normally).
*
* The way to optimize jumps for gcc-2.2.2 is to:
* - select the "normal" case and put it inside the if () { XXX }
* - no else-statements if you can avoid them
*
* With the above two rules, you get a straight-line execution path
* for the normal case, giving better asm-code.
*/
#define memlist_init(x) INIT_LIST_HEAD(x)
#define memlist_add_head list_add
#define memlist_add_tail list_add_tail
#define memlist_del list_del
#define memlist_entry list_entry
#define memlist_next(x) ((x)->next)
#define memlist_prev(x) ((x)->prev)
/*
* Temporary debugging check.
*/
#define BAD_RANGE(zone,x) (((zone) != (x)->zone) || (((x)-mem_map) < (zone)->zone_start_mapnr) || (((x)-mem_map) >= (zone)->zone_start_mapnr+(zone)->size))
/*
* Buddy system. Hairy. You really aren't expected to understand this
*
* Hint: -mask = 1+~mask
*/
static void FASTCALL(__free_pages_ok (struct page *page, unsigned int order));
static void __free_pages_ok (struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
unsigned long index, page_idx, mask, flags;
free_area_t *area;
struct page *base;
zone_t *zone;
/* Yes, think what happens when other parts of the kernel take
* a reference to a page in order to pin it for io. -ben
*/
if (PageLRU(page))
lru_cache_del(page);
if (page->buffers)
BUG();
if (page->mapping)
BUG();
if (!VALID_PAGE(page))
BUG();
if (PageSwapCache(page))
BUG();
if (PageLocked(page))
BUG();
if (PageLRU(page))
BUG();
if (PageActive(page))
BUG();
page->flags &= ~((1<<PG_referenced) | (1<<PG_dirty));
if (current->flags & PF_FREE_PAGES)
goto local_freelist;
back_local_freelist:
zone = page->zone;
mask = (~0UL) << order;
base = zone->zone_mem_map;
page_idx = page - base;
if (page_idx & ~mask)
BUG();
index = page_idx >> (1 + order);
area = zone->free_area + order;
spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
zone->free_pages -= mask;
while (mask + (1 << (MAX_ORDER-1))) {
struct page *buddy1, *buddy2;
if (area >= zone->free_area + MAX_ORDER)
BUG();
if (!__test_and_change_bit(index, area->map))
/*
* the buddy page is still allocated.
*/
break;
/*
* Move the buddy up one level.
*/
buddy1 = base + (page_idx ^ -mask);
buddy2 = base + page_idx;
if (BAD_RANGE(zone,buddy1))
BUG();
if (BAD_RANGE(zone,buddy2))
BUG();
memlist_del(&buddy1->list);
mask <<= 1;
area++;
index >>= 1;
page_idx &= mask;
}
memlist_add_head(&(base + page_idx)->list, &area->free_list);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
return;
local_freelist:
if (current->nr_local_pages)
goto back_local_freelist;
if (in_interrupt())
goto back_local_freelist;
list_add(&page->list, ¤t->local_pages);
page->index = order;
current->nr_local_pages++;
}
#define MARK_USED(index, order, area) \
__change_bit((index) >> (1+(order)), (area)->map)
static inline struct page * expand (zone_t *zone, struct page *page,
unsigned long index, int low, int high, free_area_t * area)
{
unsigned long size = 1 << high;
while (high > low) {
if (BAD_RANGE(zone,page))
BUG();
area--;
high--;
size >>= 1;
memlist_add_head(&(page)->list, &(area)->free_list);
MARK_USED(index, high, area);
index += size;
page += size;
}
if (BAD_RANGE(zone,page))
BUG();
return page;
}
static FASTCALL(struct page * rmqueue(zone_t *zone, unsigned int order));
static struct page * rmqueue(zone_t *zone, unsigned int order)
{
free_area_t * area = zone->free_area + order;
unsigned int curr_order = order;
struct list_head *head, *curr;
unsigned long flags;
struct page *page;
spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
do {
head = &area->free_list;
curr = memlist_next(head);
if (curr != head) {
unsigned int index;
page = memlist_entry(curr, struct page, list);
if (BAD_RANGE(zone,page))
BUG();
memlist_del(curr);
index = page - zone->zone_mem_map;
if (curr_order != MAX_ORDER-1)
MARK_USED(index, curr_order, area);
zone->free_pages -= 1UL << order;
page = expand(zone, page, index, order, curr_order, area);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
set_page_count(page, 1);
if (BAD_RANGE(zone,page))
BUG();
if (PageLRU(page))
BUG();
if (PageActive(page))
BUG();
return page;
}
curr_order++;
area++;
} while (curr_order < MAX_ORDER);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
return NULL;
}
#ifndef CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM
struct page *_alloc_pages(unsigned int gfp_mask, unsigned int order)
{
return __alloc_pages(gfp_mask, order,
contig_page_data.node_zonelists+(gfp_mask & GFP_ZONEMASK));
}
#endif
static struct page * FASTCALL(balance_classzone(zone_t *, unsigned int, unsigned int, int *));
static struct page * balance_classzone(zone_t * classzone, unsigned int gfp_mask, unsigned int order, int * freed)
{
struct page * page = NULL;
int __freed = 0;
if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT))
goto out;
if (in_interrupt())
BUG();
current->allocation_order = order;
current->flags |= PF_MEMALLOC | PF_FREE_PAGES;
__freed = try_to_free_pages(classzone, gfp_mask, order);
current->flags &= ~(PF_MEMALLOC | PF_FREE_PAGES);
if (current->nr_local_pages) {
struct list_head * entry, * local_pages;
struct page * tmp;
int nr_pages;
local_pages = ¤t->local_pages;
if (likely(__freed)) {
/* pick from the last inserted so we're lifo */
entry = local_pages->next;
do {
tmp = list_entry(entry, struct page, list);
if (tmp->index == order && memclass(tmp->zone, classzone)) {
list_del(entry);
current->nr_local_pages--;
set_page_count(tmp, 1);
page = tmp;
if (page->buffers)
BUG();
if (page->mapping)
BUG();
if (!VALID_PAGE(page))
BUG();
if (PageSwapCache(page))
BUG();
if (PageLocked(page))
BUG();
if (PageLRU(page))
BUG();
if (PageActive(page))
BUG();
if (PageDirty(page))
BUG();
break;
}
} while ((entry = entry->next) != local_pages);
}
nr_pages = current->nr_local_pages;
/* free in reverse order so that the global order will be lifo */
while ((entry = local_pages->prev) != local_pages) {
list_del(entry);
tmp = list_entry(entry, struct page, list);
__free_pages_ok(tmp, tmp->index);
if (!nr_pages--)
BUG();
}
current->nr_local_pages = 0;
}
out:
*freed = __freed;
return page;
}
/*
* This is the 'heart' of the zoned buddy allocator:
*/
struct page * __alloc_pages(unsigned int gfp_mask, unsigned int order, zonelist_t *zonelist)
{
unsigned long min;
zone_t **zone, * classzone;
struct page * page;
int freed;
zone = zonelist->zones;
classzone = *zone;
min = 1UL << order;
for (;;) {
zone_t *z = *(zone++);
if (!z)
break;
min += z->pages_low;
if (z->free_pages > min) {
page = rmqueue(z, order);
if (page)
return page;
}
}
classzone->need_balance = 1;
mb();
if (waitqueue_active(&kswapd_wait))
wake_up_interruptible(&kswapd_wait);
zone = zonelist->zones;
min = 1UL << order;
for (;;) {
unsigned long local_min;
zone_t *z = *(zone++);
if (!z)
break;
local_min = z->pages_min;
if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT))
local_min >>= 2;
min += local_min;
if (z->free_pages > min) {
page = rmqueue(z, order);
if (page)
return page;
}
}
/* here we're in the low on memory slow path */
rebalance:
if (current->flags & (PF_MEMALLOC | PF_MEMDIE)) {
zone = zonelist->zones;
for (;;) {
zone_t *z = *(zone++);
if (!z)
break;
page = rmqueue(z, order);
if (page)
return page;
}
return NULL;
}
/* Atomic allocations - we can't balance anything */
if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT))
return NULL;
page = balance_classzone(classzone, gfp_mask, order, &freed);
if (page)
return page;
zone = zonelist->zones;
min = 1UL << order;
for (;;) {
zone_t *z = *(zone++);
if (!z)
break;
min += z->pages_min;
if (z->free_pages > min) {
page = rmqueue(z, order);
if (page)
return page;
}
}
/* Don't let big-order allocations loop */
if (order > 3)
return NULL;
/* Yield for kswapd, and try again */
current->policy |= SCHED_YIELD;
__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
schedule();
goto rebalance;
}
/*
* Common helper functions.
*/
unsigned long __get_free_pages(unsigned int gfp_mask, unsigned int order)
{
struct page * page;
page = alloc_pages(gfp_mask, order);
if (!page)
return 0;
return (unsigned long) page_address(page);
}
unsigned long get_zeroed_page(unsigned int gfp_mask)
{
struct page * page;
page = alloc_pages(gfp_mask, 0);
if (page) {
void *address = page_address(page);
clear_page(address);
return (unsigned long) address;
}
return 0;
}
void __free_pages(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
if (!PageReserved(page) && put_page_testzero(page))
__free_pages_ok(page, order);
}
void free_pages(unsigned long addr, unsigned int order)
{
if (addr != 0)
__free_pages(virt_to_page(addr), order);
}
/*
* Total amount of free (allocatable) RAM:
*/
unsigned int nr_free_pages (void)
{
unsigned int sum;
zone_t *zone;
pg_data_t *pgdat = pgdat_list;
sum = 0;
while (pgdat) {
for (zone = pgdat->node_zones; zone < pgdat->node_zones + MAX_NR_ZONES; zone++)
sum += zone->free_pages;
pgdat = pgdat->node_next;
}
return sum;
}
/*
* Amount of free RAM allocatable as buffer memory:
*/
unsigned int nr_free_buffer_pages (void)
{
pg_data_t *pgdat = pgdat_list;
unsigned int sum = 0;
do {
zonelist_t *zonelist = pgdat->node_zonelists + (GFP_USER & GFP_ZONEMASK);
zone_t **zonep = zonelist->zones;
zone_t *zone;
for (zone = *zonep++; zone; zone = *zonep++) {
unsigned long size = zone->size;
unsigned long high = zone->pages_high;
if (size > high)
sum += size - high;
}
pgdat = pgdat->node_next;
} while (pgdat);
return sum;
}
#if CONFIG_HIGHMEM
unsigned int nr_free_highpages (void)
{
pg_data_t *pgdat = pgdat_list;
unsigned int pages = 0;
while (pgdat) {
pages += pgdat->node_zones[ZONE_HIGHMEM].free_pages;
pgdat = pgdat->node_next;
}
return pages;
}
#endif
#define K(x) ((x) << (PAGE_SHIFT-10))
/*
* If it returns non zero it means there's lots of ram "free"
* (note: not in cache!) so any caller will know that
* he can allocate some memory to do some more aggressive
* (possibly wasteful) readahead. The state of the memory
* should be rechecked after every few pages allocated for
* doing this aggressive readahead.
*
* NOTE: caller passes in gfp_mask of zones to check
*/
int start_aggressive_readahead(int gfp_mask)
{
pg_data_t *pgdat = pgdat_list;
zonelist_t *zonelist;
zone_t **zonep, *zone;
int ret = 0;
do {
zonelist = pgdat->node_zonelists + (gfp_mask & GFP_ZONEMASK);
zonep = zonelist->zones;
for (zone = *zonep++; zone; zone = *zonep++)
if (zone->free_pages > zone->pages_high * 2)
ret = 1;
pgdat = pgdat->node_next;
} while (pgdat);
return ret;
}
/*
* Show free area list (used inside shift_scroll-lock stuff)
* We also calculate the percentage fragmentation. We do this by counting the
* memory on each free list with the exception of the first item on the list.
*/
void show_free_areas_core(pg_data_t *pgdat)
{
unsigned int order;
unsigned type;
pg_data_t *tmpdat = pgdat;
printk("Free pages: %6dkB (%6dkB HighMem)\n",
K(nr_free_pages()),
K(nr_free_highpages()));
while (tmpdat) {
zone_t *zone;
for (zone = tmpdat->node_zones;
zone < tmpdat->node_zones + MAX_NR_ZONES; zone++)
printk("Zone:%s freepages:%6lukB min:%6lukB low:%6lukB "
"high:%6lukB\n",
zone->name,
K(zone->free_pages),
K(zone->pages_min),
K(zone->pages_low),
K(zone->pages_high));
tmpdat = tmpdat->node_next;
}
printk("( Active: %d, inactive: %d, free: %d )\n",
nr_active_pages,
nr_inactive_pages,
nr_free_pages());
for (type = 0; type < MAX_NR_ZONES; type++) {
struct list_head *head, *curr;
zone_t *zone = pgdat->node_zones + type;
unsigned long nr, total, flags;
total = 0;
if (zone->size) {
spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
for (order = 0; order < MAX_ORDER; order++) {
head = &(zone->free_area + order)->free_list;
curr = head;
nr = 0;
for (;;) {
curr = memlist_next(curr);
if (curr == head)
break;
nr++;
}
total += nr * (1 << order);
printk("%lu*%lukB ", nr, K(1UL) << order);
}
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
}
printk("= %lukB)\n", K(total));
}
#ifdef SWAP_CACHE_INFO
show_swap_cache_info();
#endif
}
void show_free_areas(void)
{
show_free_areas_core(pgdat_list);
}
/*
* Builds allocation fallback zone lists.
*/
static inline void build_zonelists(pg_data_t *pgdat)
{
int i, j, k;
for (i = 0; i <= GFP_ZONEMASK; i++) {
zonelist_t *zonelist;
zone_t *zone;
zonelist = pgdat->node_zonelists + i;
memset(zonelist, 0, sizeof(*zonelist));
j = 0;
k = ZONE_NORMAL;
if (i & __GFP_HIGHMEM)
k = ZONE_HIGHMEM;
if (i & __GFP_DMA)
k = ZONE_DMA;
switch (k) {
default:
BUG();
/*
* fallthrough:
*/
case ZONE_HIGHMEM:
zone = pgdat->node_zones + ZONE_HIGHMEM;
if (zone->size) {
#ifndef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
BUG();
#endif
zonelist->zones[j++] = zone;
}
case ZONE_NORMAL:
zone = pgdat->node_zones + ZONE_NORMAL;
if (zone->size)
zonelist->zones[j++] = zone;
case ZONE_DMA:
zone = pgdat->node_zones + ZONE_DMA;
if (zone->size)
zonelist->zones[j++] = zone;
}
zonelist->zones[j++] = NULL;
}
}
#define LONG_ALIGN(x) (((x)+(sizeof(long))-1)&~((sizeof(long))-1))
/*
* Set up the zone data structures:
* - mark all pages reserved
* - mark all memory queues empty
* - clear the memory bitmaps
*/
void __init free_area_init_core(int nid, pg_data_t *pgdat, struct page **gmap,
unsigned long *zones_size, unsigned long zone_start_paddr,
unsigned long *zholes_size, struct page *lmem_map)
{
struct page *p;
unsigned long i, j;
unsigned long map_size;
unsigned long totalpages, offset, realtotalpages;
const unsigned long zone_required_alignment = 1UL << (MAX_ORDER-1);
if (zone_start_paddr & ~PAGE_MASK)
BUG();
totalpages = 0;
for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++) {
unsigned long size = zones_size[i];
totalpages += size;
}
realtotalpages = totalpages;
if (zholes_size)
for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++)
realtotalpages -= zholes_size[i];
printk("On node %d totalpages: %lu\n", nid, realtotalpages);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&active_list);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&inactive_list);
/*
* Some architectures (with lots of mem and discontinous memory
* maps) have to search for a good mem_map area:
* For discontigmem, the conceptual mem map array starts from
* PAGE_OFFSET, we need to align the actual array onto a mem map
* boundary, so that MAP_NR works.
*/
map_size = (totalpages + 1)*sizeof(struct page);
if (lmem_map == (struct page *)0) {
lmem_map = (struct page *) alloc_bootmem_node(pgdat, map_size);
lmem_map = (struct page *)(PAGE_OFFSET +
MAP_ALIGN((unsigned long)lmem_map - PAGE_OFFSET));
}
*gmap = pgdat->node_mem_map = lmem_map;
pgdat->node_size = totalpages;
pgdat->node_start_paddr = zone_start_paddr;
pgdat->node_start_mapnr = (lmem_map - mem_map);
pgdat->nr_zones = 0;
/*
* Initially all pages are reserved - free ones are freed
* up by free_all_bootmem() once the early boot process is
* done.
*/
for (p = lmem_map; p < lmem_map + totalpages; p++) {
set_page_count(p, 0);
SetPageReserved(p);
init_waitqueue_head(&p->wait);
memlist_init(&p->list);
}
offset = lmem_map - mem_map;
for (j = 0; j < MAX_NR_ZONES; j++) {
zone_t *zone = pgdat->node_zones + j;
unsigned long mask;
unsigned long size, realsize;
realsize = size = zones_size[j];
if (zholes_size)
realsize -= zholes_size[j];
printk("zone(%lu): %lu pages.\n", j, size);
zone->size = size;
zone->name = zone_names[j];
zone->lock = SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED;
zone->zone_pgdat = pgdat;
zone->free_pages = 0;
zone->need_balance = 0;
if (!size)
continue;
pgdat->nr_zones = j+1;
mask = (realsize / zone_balance_ratio[j]);
if (mask < zone_balance_min[j])
mask = zone_balance_min[j];
else if (mask > zone_balance_max[j])
mask = zone_balance_max[j];
zone->pages_min = mask;
zone->pages_low = mask*2;
zone->pages_high = mask*3;
zone->zone_mem_map = mem_map + offset;
zone->zone_start_mapnr = offset;
zone->zone_start_paddr = zone_start_paddr;
if ((zone_start_paddr >> PAGE_SHIFT) & (zone_required_alignment-1))
printk("BUG: wrong zone alignment, it will crash\n");
for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
struct page *page = mem_map + offset + i;
page->zone = zone;
if (j != ZONE_HIGHMEM)
page->virtual = __va(zone_start_paddr);
zone_start_paddr += PAGE_SIZE;
}
offset += size;
for (i = 0; ; i++) {
unsigned long bitmap_size;
memlist_init(&zone->free_area[i].free_list);
if (i == MAX_ORDER-1) {
zone->free_area[i].map = NULL;
break;
}
/*
* Page buddy system uses "index >> (i+1)",
* where "index" is at most "size-1".
*
* The extra "+3" is to round down to byte
* size (8 bits per byte assumption). Thus
* we get "(size-1) >> (i+4)" as the last byte
* we can access.
*
* The "+1" is because we want to round the
* byte allocation up rather than down. So
* we should have had a "+7" before we shifted
* down by three. Also, we have to add one as
* we actually _use_ the last bit (it's [0,n]
* inclusive, not [0,n[).
*
* So we actually had +7+1 before we shift
* down by 3. But (n+8) >> 3 == (n >> 3) + 1
* (modulo overflows, which we do not have).
*
* Finally, we LONG_ALIGN because all bitmap
* operations are on longs.
*/
bitmap_size = (size-1) >> (i+4);
bitmap_size = LONG_ALIGN(bitmap_size+1);
zone->free_area[i].map =
(unsigned long *) alloc_bootmem_node(pgdat, bitmap_size);
}
}
build_zonelists(pgdat);
}
void __init free_area_init(unsigned long *zones_size)
{
free_area_init_core(0, &contig_page_data, &mem_map, zones_size, 0, 0, 0);
}
static int __init setup_mem_frac(char *str)
{
int j = 0;
while (get_option(&str, &zone_balance_ratio[j++]) == 2);
printk("setup_mem_frac: ");
for (j = 0; j < MAX_NR_ZONES; j++) printk("%d ", zone_balance_ratio[j]);
printk("\n");
return 1;
}
__setup("memfrac=", setup_mem_frac);
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