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Python Library Reference

Previous: 8.3 grp Up: 8. Unix Specific Services Next: 8.5 dl

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8.4 crypt -- Function to check Unix passwords

Availability: Unix.

This module implements an interface to the crypt(3) routine, which is a one-way hash function based upon a modified DES algorithm; see the Unix man page for further details. Possible uses include allowing Python scripts to accept typed passwords from the user, or attempting to crack Unix passwords with a dictionary.

crypt(word, salt)

word will usually be a user's password as typed at a prompt or in a graphical interface. salt is usually a random two-character string which will be used to perturb the DES algorithm in one of 4096 ways. The characters in salt must be in the set [./a-zA-Z0-9]. Returns the hashed password as a string, which will be composed of characters from the same alphabet as the salt (the first two characters represent the salt itself).

A simple example illustrating typical use:

import crypt, getpass, pwd

def login():
    username = raw_input('Python login:')
    cryptedpasswd = pwd.getpwnam(username)[1]
    if cryptedpasswd:
        if cryptedpasswd == 'x' or cryptedpasswd == '*': 
            raise "Sorry, currently no support for shadow passwords"
        cleartext = getpass.getpass()
        return crypt.crypt(cleartext, cryptedpasswd[:2]) == cryptedpasswd
    else:
        return 1

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Python Library Reference

Previous: 8.3 grp Up: 8. Unix Specific Services Next: 8.5 dl

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Release 2.2.3, documentation updated on 30 May 2003.